We developed a novel cell therapy (ABMi therapy) using autologous bone marrow cells for liver cirrhosis patients. Our study depends on the findings from basic studies using GFP/CCl4 models. Beginning in November 2003, we started clinical trials of ABMi therapy and found it to be safe and effective for liver cirrhosis patients. Multicenter trials in Japan and Korea have also shown the effectiveness of ABMi therapy. In this review, we discuss translational research for the development of ABMi therapy for liver cirrhosis patients.