The pendulum of conceots cincerning the regulatory mechanism of the gut dramatically swung from the nervism of Pavlov the hormonism of Bayliss and Starling, and recently to a compromise on the prerequisite of sensory nerves recognizing food chemical information and transmitting it to endocrine cells. Our studies have settled this problem by neglecting this intervention of nerves and demonstrating the endocrine cells as being open to the lumen to recognize luminal stimuli. The cells thus are half nervous and half secretory in nature