In vivo real-time monitoring and evaluation for superoxide anion radical generation with an electrochemical sensor

Recently, we established an in vivo method to directly and continuously monitor and evaluate {O_2}^{-.} using an electrochemical {O_2}^{-.} sensor. The generated {O_2}^{-.} is measured as a current and evaluated as a difference in the current from the baseline to the actual reacted {O_2}^{-.} current (ΔI) and a quantified partial value of electricity (Q), which is calculated by integration of differences between baseline and actual reacted current. To clarify the dynamics of {O_2}^{-.} in vivo and their {O_2}^{-.}-related pathophysiology, the accuracy and efficacy of this method were confirmed in phosphate-buffered saline and human blood and we applied this sensor to rat models of endotoxemia, forebrain ischemia-reperfusion (FBI/R), and heatstroke. This is a novel method for measuring {O_2}^{-.} in vivo, and could be used to monitor and treat the pathophysiology caused by excessive {O_2}^{-.} generation in animals and humans.

superoxide anion radical

electrochemical sensor

endotoxemia

cerebral ischemia-reperfusion

heatstroke