A colorectal cancer-associated 17-1A antigen is an effective therapeutic target with monoclonal antibody (mAb) for preventing the recurrence of colorectal cancer. We evaluated its expression in myeloma cell lines and bone marrow cells from patients with multiple myeloma or primary macroglobulinemia by indirect immunofluorescence assays. Antigen 17-1A was shown positive in 3 out of 4 cell lines tested and in 8 out of 9 bone marrow cell specimens including 6 multiple myelomas, one IgG-producing chronic lymphoproliferation and 2 primary macroglobulinemias. These data suggest that adminisration of mAb 17-1A may be a new feasible immunotherapy to those indolent, but incurable diseases.