Two new cases of Hb Hirose,β37 (CⅢ) Trp→Ser, are reported. Hemoglobin Hirose exhibits propreties, a high oxygen affinity and slightly increased rates of autooxidation, heat denaturation and precipitation on mechanical shaking. These unique properties of Hb Hirose seem to depend on the abnormal manner of association of the aberrant β subunit with the α submit and on the enhanced tendency to dissociate intosubunits. In spite of the abnormal functional properties and the molecular instability of the hemoglobin, none of the carries of Hb Hirose reported so far (only four unrelated Japanese in the world) manifested erythrocytosis or a hemolytic disorder, presumably because the dissociation into subnit is prevent in vivo by the very high hemogrobin concentration in the red blood cell.