departmental bulletin paper

The purpose of this paper is to present an alternative macroeconomic model. The classical macroeconomic model and AD-AS model have some problems. The macroeconomic model presented in this paper solves them and is more realistic and logically consistent than the other models.

本稿では, 行動と成果の確率的関係について不確実性があるプリンシパルーエージェント関係を考え, 最適契約を特徴付ける.

The non-efficiency of the government hospital is pointed out. Then, I compare the management in government hospitals and non-government hospitals, and show clearly what kind of difference there is. In this paper, the following things are clear. (1) Clarify the difference from a viewpoint of management in government hospitals and non-government hospitals. (2) Classify government hospitals into two kinds (cites・towns・and villages-hospitals and prefectural hospitals), and clarify the difference from a viewpoint of management. (3) Classify non-government hospitals into eight kind hospitals, and clarify the feature in management.

There is a risk of longevity i.e., the self-funds after retirement may deplete before the end of life. What is needed after retirement is to spend out of self-funds in addition to public pensions while investing self-funds over lifetime without depleting. We analyze a safe withdrawal rate based on varying self-funded amounts every month due to fluctuation in the market. According to this method, there is no longevity risk that self-funds are depleted throughout lifetime.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of quantitative analysis for differentiating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and inflammatory pancreatic masses (IPM) using time intensity curve (TIC) analysis based on contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography (CE-EUS). Methods: We reviewed 89 patients who had undergone CE-EUS for pancreatic solid lesions at our department between August 2012 and January 2016. CE-EUS images were recorded for 2 minutes after injection of the contrast agent. The diagnostic abilities of the enhanced patterns and TIC analysis were assessed. Results: The enhanced patterns of PDAC were mainly hypovascular and heterogeneous (66/77), while IPM were mainly isovascular and homogeneous (6/12). In PDAC, sensitivity was 77.9%, specificity 83.3%, and accuracy was 78.7%. In TIC analysis, the intensity reduction rate was significantly different at 10 and 30 seconds after peak intensity. After creating a cutoff value (49%) based on the receiver operating characteristic curve for the intensity reduction rate after 30 seconds, diagnosing PDAC with TIC analysis had a sensitivity of 67.5%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 71.9%. Combining enhanced pattern analysis with TIC analysis had a sensitivity of 90.9%, pecificity of 83.3%, and accuracy of 89.9%. Conclusion: Combining TIC analysis with CE-EUS improved diagnostic accuracy when differentiating between PDAC and IPM.