Villous adenoma of the rectum is reported occasionally in the United States, but is rarely seen in Japan. Recently, we experienced one case of rectal villous adenoma in a 53-years-old female who consulted our hospital with diarrhea as her chief complaint. A circumferential tumor was found in the rectum. A low anterior resection was perfprmed and pathological examination revealed a villous adenoma (5×4 cm in size) located in the mucosa propria. No malignancy was observed. Three months of postoperative follow-up has not revealed any signs of recurrence. We discussed the morphological characteristic and prognosis of this desease.