1. In this review, the structure and function of the red pulp of human spleen were diseased with special reference to hematological disoreders, such as hemolytic anemias, hypersplenism and hyposplenism. Indcation for splenectomy and its complication were also reviewed. 2. Functions of the splenic red pulp include culling, pitting, pooling, conditioning and surface remodeling of blood cells. It should be emphasized that the spleen is not a simple filter, but works as the apparatus to scrutinize the circulaating blood cells. Most of these functions are accomplished by the combination of anatomical structure, metabolic conditions and immunologic ability of the red pulp…