We investigated differences of anastomotic intimal hyperplasia betwveen cobra-head (C group) and straight (S group) forms at the distal end-to-side anastomosis. Beagle dogs were anesthetized and abdominal aortas were incised equidistant between two clamps. The 6mm PTFE grafts with 5cm in length were inserted into the incised aorta by standard vascular techniques. The proximal anastomosis was performed in the end-to-end fashion and the distal anastomosis in the end-to-side fashion. Animals were divided into two groups