The population sprawl have been progressing rapidly in many towns. Especially, its bad influences on the wholesome growth of small or medium sized towns are becoming more and more serious. In this study, firstly, the population sprawl in Yamaguchi City, which is taken up as a typical medium sized town, are discussed based on the past and present conditions. Secondly, relationships between the population and the number of houses in each zone of the city are investigated by considering types of houses and the number of parsons in a family. Then, a model is formulated to estimate a population as a function of the number of houses and tested by the official statistical data.