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Modes of Virtues in Thomas Aquinas
The philosophical studies of Yamaguchi University Volume 30
Thomas Aquinas uses the term “mode” (modus) in various contexts, and some remarkable usages are found in his discussions on virtues. Aquinas places virtues other than the four cardinal virtues in the “potential parts” of the cardinal virtues, for instance, placing generosity (liberalitas) as a potential part of justice. Although the potential parts of a cardinal virtue are not species of the cardinal virtue, they have close connections with it. In order to explain these connections, Aquinas says that the potential parts of a cardinal virtue agree with the cardinal virtue in mode. He also claims that the mode of a virtue is, as it were, a sort of a form of the virtue, whence the virtue derives its praise and its name (ST II-II, q. 157, a. 3). In this claim, we find metaphysical, ethical, and semantic aspects of modes. In this article, we first examine Aquinas’s usages of “modes of virtues” in order to see these aspects of modes. We conclude that “mode” means “a limit which is not to be exceeded” and “a way.” Next, we move on to the metaphysical aspect. Aquinas has elaborate discussions on “modes,” interpreting Augustine’s triad of “mode-species-order,” the three elements which Augustine claims to be in every good created being. We will analyse three major texts in which Aquinas treats the triad as three essential components of every good creature: ST I, q. 5, a. 5, De veritate, q. 21, a. 6, and ST II-I, q. 85, a. 4. By analyzing and connecting Aquinas’s different statements about modes, we clarify what modes are and how they are related to being (esse) and forms in Aquinas’s metaphysical system. Finally, we consider the semantic aspect, building on the preceding analyses. Since “mode” is a word that can connote perfection as well as limitation, it is possible to state that God is a mode. Since the mode is a higher principle than the form, which determines the genus and species, the mode can be a foundation of analogical predication, in which the same word is applied to things of different genera and beyond (i.e., God).
Creators : Suto Taki Publishers : 山口大学哲学研究会 Date Issued : 2023-03-23
Creators : Shimosaki Masatoshi Date Issued : 2022-12-25
Creators : Takemoto Masashi Date Issued : 2022-12-25
Creators : De Boissieu Michel Date Issued : 2022-12-25
Kulturhistorische Aspekte von Johanna Spyris Heidi
Yamaguchi Daigaku dokufutsu bungaku Volume 44
Creators : Hintereder-Emde Franz Date Issued : 2022-12-25
Meine Erinnerungen an 35 Jahre Universität Yamaguchi
Yamaguchi Daigaku dokufutsu bungaku Volume 44
Creators : Hintereder-Emde Franz Date Issued : 2022-12-25
Creators : 田中 晋作 Publishers : 山口大学人文学部異文化交流研究施設 Date Issued : 2023-03-31
本研究では、男性顔の時代変化とそのメカニズムを明らかにするために、日本を代表する美男子コンテストである「ジュノン・スーパーボーイ・コンテスト」のBEST30通過者の顔写真を題材として検討を行った。まず、1988年から2021年までのBEST30通過者を4つの時期ごとに分けて、それぞれの時期の美男子平均顔を作成した。次に、大学生を対象者としたアンケート調査において、ランダムに並び替えた4種類の美男子平均顔について、①印象評価と②恋愛相手・結婚相手としての魅力度を測定した。そしてさらに、美男子平均顔に対する魅力度の違い(選り好み)を説明するための変数として、対象者の③結婚観・子ども観など配偶戦略について尋ねた。 このようなアンケート調査を行った結果、①最新の美男子平均顔ほど、より「穏やか」で「女性的」、「ひ弱」と評価される傾向があり、美男子平均顔の「脱男性化」が主観的印象ではなく、客観的事実であることが確認された。そして、②最も「穏やか」な最新の美男子平均顔に対して、半数以上の女子学生が恋人・結婚相手としての魅力を感じており、その割合は男子学生の予想を大きく上回っていた。さらに、③このような女子学生の選り好みは、結婚相手の経済力を重視しない姿勢や子どもへの従順性の期待、ブレイン・フォグ頻度の低さなどとも関連していた。 これらの知見にもとづけば、美男子平均顔にみられる「脱男性化」の傾向は、女性の選り好みを反映しており、女性の選り好みは、恋愛や結婚、子育てに関する配偶戦略の変化の影響を受けていると考えられる。ただし、先行研究によれば、男性顔の「脱男性化」は、先進諸国に広く見られるだけでなく、人類史全体を通じた一貫した傾向でもあると指摘されている。これらの指摘を前提とするならば、「脱男性化」した男性顔への選り好みは、時代変化を超えた頑健な傾向であり、人類の「自己家畜化」をもたらしている大きな要因の一つとも考えられる。
Creators : Takahashi Masahito | Somekawa Misato Publishers : 山口大学人文学部異文化交流研究施設 Date Issued : 2023-03-31
Creators : Ma Biao Publishers : 山口大学人文学部異文化交流研究施設 Date Issued : 2023-03-31
Creators : Hayashi Shinichi Publishers : 山口大学人文学部異文化交流研究施設 Date Issued : 2023-03-31
Wang Zhaojun drama in modern China
Journal of cross-cultural studies Volume 17
Creators : Abe Yasuki Publishers : 山口大学人文学部異文化交流研究施設 Date Issued : 2023-03-31
Creators : Kakinuma Marie Publishers : 山口大学人文学部異文化交流研究施設 Date Issued : 2022-03-31
本稿は、スケートボードのハウトゥ動画の分析を通して、身体技法の教示と修得がどのようになされるのか分析し考察することを目的とするものである。 結果、第1に、手本の提示は教える側の権威の確認のためにもなされていること、第2に、修得に必要となる曖昧な概念を教示する際に、教える側と教わる側の概念のすり合わせがなされていること、第3に、技法の修得が近づいてきた場面では、教わる側から修得のための新概念が提示されそれが教える側によって承認されること、の3点が析出された。 身体技法が教示され修得されようとする際には、上記のような方策が用いられながら、修得という目標に向けて実践が積み重ねられていくことが、本稿からは見えてきた。当然のように行われている身体技法の教示と修得は、実は複雑なやり取りからなされており、そうした複雑さを埋め合わせるための方策が用いられながら成立していることが示唆された。
Creators : Kuwahata Yoichiro Publishers : 山口大学人文学部異文化交流研究施設 Date Issued : 2022-03-31
Creators : Sarashina Shinichi Publishers : 山口大学人文学部異文化交流研究施設 Date Issued : 2022-03-31
Creators : Abe Yasuki Publishers : 山口大学人文学部異文化交流研究施設 Date Issued : 2022-03-31
Creators : Kateryna Olha Publishers : Yamaguchi University Date Issued : 2022-12-20
Creators : Watanabe Yuko Publishers : Yamaguchi University Date Issued : 2022-12-20
Creators : Iwabe Kozo Publishers : Yamaguchi University Date Issued : 2022-12-20
Creators : Kuwahata Yoichiro Publishers : 山口大学人文学部異文化交流研究施設 Date Issued : 2023-03-31
Taxonomic grouping of eukaryotic organisms using intron positions of RPS13 ribosomal protein gene as a guide
Memoirs of the faculty of engineering, Yamaguchi university Volume 73 Issue 2
Taxonomic classification of whole eukaryotes using conserved proteins or nucleotide sequences that are used as criteria looks convenient and easy. However, these methods may not be reliable to long evolutionary history if their function is developed or degenerated in their life history. The sequence-based classification methods depending on the functional conservation may cause unknown bias. In this study, we propose novel classification using intron positions in a gene, which are not related to function. Intron positions of highly conserved ribosomal protein RPS13 gene were selected as novel criteria for the classification of whole eukaryotes from lower unicellular amoeba, algae, and flagellates to plants and animals. RPS13 gene encodes 151 amino acids and possesses 453 bp exon sequence in many eukaryotic organisms. The intron positions are determined based on their coding exon sequences, in which all the introns are designated by the positions from the first nucleotide of the start codon and the position numbers are attached with ‘i’ for intron indication. For example, human RPS13 gene contains introns at the positions of 24i, 73i, 152i, 322i, and 423i sites on the coding sequence. Interestingly, all the Deuterostomia animals including starfish, leech, and octopus showed the same intron positions to human. Similarly, all the land plants showed 24i, 97i, 236i, and 423i positions. In lower unicellular eukaryotes, which showed nonintron or variety of positions, only amoeba Lenisia limosa has the intron position of 152i site and Chlorophyta Pedinophyceae sp. has single 97i position, suggesting that they may be the ancestral organisms of animals and plants, respectively. As a conclusion, intron positions of RPS13 gene can be used as a guide for the taxonomic classification of eukaryotic organisms
Creators : Ebe Satoshi | Kunishige Haruna | Chajima Kengo | Nakamura Hitomi | Nakamura Yuki | Hayashi Chise | Hirakawa Haruka | Yamaji Keisuke | Hoshida Hisashi | 赤田 倫治 Publishers : 山口大学工学部 Date Issued : 2023-03
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