Cytology of the Spirochetes Part4. Cobtribution of the Morphological Features of Spirochetal Cells to the Taxonomy, Summary and Conclusion

Cytological characteristics and texonomical considerations of the spirochetes, including light microscopic and electron microscopic observations, were reviewed and summarized. A new classfication of Order Spirochaetales based upon the number of axial ｆｌａｇｅｌｌａ　ｗａｓ proposed by the author. Two familes, Family Treponemataceae and Family Cristispiraceae, were added to Family Spirochaetaceae of Order Spirochaetales in the 8th edition of Bergey's Manual of determinative Bacteriplogy. Genus Treponema and Genus Borrelia were included in the former and Genus Cristispira in the latter. Genus Spirochaeta and Genus Leptospira belonged to Family Spirochataceae. Finally, a definition of the spirochetes was first proposed by the author, based on the cytological features under both light and electron microscopy.