W e introduce new techniques, including several kinds of branding methods for the analysis of human chromosomes. These methods enable further detailed differentiation of chromosomes which previously could not be identified by standard staining methods. Of these, the G-banding method semms tobe the best for analysing the chromosomes, because G-bands are characteristic for the each chromosome separately. The Q-banding method makes it easy to detect the presence of Y chromosome in verious tissue cells of the human male, and thereby to fond out obnormal Y chromosome rapidly.