The purpose of this study is to clarify the planning subjects for improving the residential environment in the central area of local city by the research on the characteristics of land use transition and dwellers. Ohdono, subject of this study, is the historical and central area in Yamaguchi-city, and many historical sites and traditional houses called MACHIYA built in Meiji- period exist and quiet residential environment has been kept even now.But the same as other local cities, decrease in population and aging of dwellers are in progress, so the ratio of single households is highest and the number of elderly person over 60’s occupies 77.7%, moreover, owing to the increase of vacant resident, vacant lot and parking, this area is becoming hollow, and owing to the construction of new buildings, the residential environment is changing gradually.