Ganglioside composition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was analyzed in a case of a patient with cerebral B cell lymphoma and compared to that of normal subjects. The GM1 content was determined by overlaying choleratoxin. In the patient CSF, the concentrations of GM3, GM2 and GM1 were increased,while normal CSF contained GM3,GT1b and GQ1b as major gangliosides. The change of the ganglioside pattern in CSF is presumed to be due to a malignant transformation of the cerebral tissue.