This paper presents the results of experimental and analytical studies on the elastic-plastic behavior and ultimate strength of the curved box girders especially for monorail systems. Two types of the thin-walled curved box girder are fabricated of steel plates, and static loading tests are conducted up to failure. In the analysis, three-dimentional truss girders mechanically equivalent to box girders are used to simplify the calculation. The calculation of large deflection and elastic-plastic behavior and ultimate strength is carried out by using the finite element method based on the deformation theory. From analytical and experimental results, the present analytical solutions provides sufficiently accurate prediction for the ultimate strength of the box girders.