Experimental Studies of Sand Liquefaction During Earthquake Loading Conditions

Experimental studies of sand liquefaction during earthquake loading conditions was investigated by the test procedures conducted shaking table experiments, and triaxial and simple shear tests using Toyoura fine sand and Shingu coarse sand. The experimental results indicate that occurance of sand liquefaction is determined by the following factors : (1) void ratio, (2) confining pressure σ_v, and (3) applied cyclic shear stress τ_d. Further more sand liquefaction is determined by the stress ratio τ_d/δ_v : the higher the stress ratio, the more easily liquefaction will occure. The comparison between shaking table experiments and triaxial and simple shear tests was discussed in this paper.