Journal of East Asian studies

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Journal of East Asian studies Volume 18
published_at 2020-03

From risk regulation of authoritarian governance to risk management of environmental public governance : using Changzhou foreign languages school controversy as a clue

権威主義型統治のリスク規制から環境公共ガバナンスのリスク管理へ : 常州外国語学校土壌汚染事件を手掛かりに
Yin Guopeng
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中国では、環境汚染事件の頻発により、環境ガバナンスの進展が経済社会の発展と一致しなくなり、過去のガバナンスモデルを改善する必要性が広く認識された。本稿は2015年に発生した「中国のラブキャナル事件」とも言われる常州外国語土壌汚染事件を手掛かりとし、中国の環境ガバナンスモデルの問題点とアプローチを考察する。伝統的な中国の権威主義的統治体制の下では、環境ガバナンスにおける政府、専門家、および市民の役割分担、および責任とその責任の分担は合理的な水準にはない。トップダウン型の政策決定システムでは、地方自治体は「事なかれ主義」に従い、環境法令を勝手に解釈してゆがめるという現象が多く見られている。専門家集団と政府および利益団体との「利益共謀」は、環境ガバナンスの失敗が生んだ状況をさらに悪化させた。同時に、情報へのアクセスにおいて不利な立場にある市民には、知る権利と参加する権利が保障されておらず、法的権能は比較的低い。以上のことを明らかにするとともに、これに基づいて筆者は、新しい「環境公共ガバナンス」に基づくリスク管理モデルを提案し、環境ガバナンスに関わるあらゆる当事者の権能のバランスを取るとともに、市民参加への動機付けと機会を拡充し、それによって環境ガバナンスの有効性と持続可能性を向上させ、より良いガバナンス目標を達成するための道筋を探る。
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