The writer has investigated on the structure and efficiency of five Japanese threshers at both the Laboratory of Agricultural Mechanics of Kyushu University and the Agricultural Experiment Station of Fukuoka Prefecture on 3rd to 12th Novetnber 1949. The investigation has been carried on with regard to the actioa of the cylinder upon the efficiency of the thresher. From his investigation the writer confirmed the following facts: 1. The double cylinders type should be designed by the makers with care especially in respect of the dimentions, the clearance and the relative pasition of each cyhinder. Otherwise the chaffs are apt to accumulate on the cyhnders. ....