departmental bulletin paper

山口大学学生相談所の前所長時代を回顧し, 当時の状況を思い起こし将来への改善点についても述べてみた。まず学生相談所のカウンセラーについて, その求められる資質と雇用の難しさについて言及した。次に学生相談所の学生や全学における認知度について, その現状と懸念される点について, さらに教員へのお願い, 特に卒論指導での一歩踏み込んだ対応のお願いについて述べた。最後に学生相談所の今後のあり方について, マニュアル作成, セクハラ・パワハラ相談でのハラスメント相談員との関係, 悩みのカムフラージュ機能としての学生相談所, 緊急支援での保健管理センターとの連携の4点から, 現状と今後のあり方について, 私見を述べてみた。

We will discuss how a household determines the budget allocation to consumption goods and decides consumption and savings. Microeconomics explain that a consumer maximizes utility under budget constraint. However, in reality, a consumer first determines the budget for each consumption item such as food and clothing and then determines individual consumption goods to buy.

本研究では大学進学に関する進路決定方法と大学生活の満足度の関連について, 個々の学生について事例的に検討を行い, 学生の進路決定や大学生活の適応を支える知見を得ることを目的とした。大学3年生5名に対し, 大学進学の進路決定と大学生活に関する内容で構成された質問紙を実施した。その結果, 進路決定方法に関しては対象者全員が自分の考えで決定していた。しかし自分の考えで進路決定をしたにも関わらず, 大学入学後の教育内容のミスマッチがあるという対象者もみられた。一方でそのような対象者であっても大学生活に関しては, 新たな人間関係や経験などにより満足であるという面もあった。今回の結果から, 自分で進路選択をさせるだけではなく, 進路選択の際に大学の教育内容も十分に検討させ, 進学後の修学イメージを持つことができるよう進路指導を行うことが重要であると考えられた。また, 大学生活の満足度には進路決定のみでなく, 大学入学後の生活の人間関係や視野の広がり等が重要になることが示唆された。よって, 大学において入学後の人間関係や視野の広がりに繋がるような支援を行うことが有益であると考えられた。

To minimize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Japanese government regulated the mobility of international visitors including students. Before March 2020, international students could enter Japan without restriction. During October and November 2020, a limited number of international students entered Japan with expensive air fares and a 14-day quarantine. However, except these months, many students, especially newly enrolled ones, could not enter Japan.

As one of the first British diplomats to be posted to Japan, Sir Ernest Satow (1843~1929) became a firsthand observer of the political situation in the country in the years immediately preceding the Meiji Restoration of 1868. Throughout his first posting in Japan (September 1862~February 1869) Satow kept a journal in which he recorded his experiences. Satow later edited this journal for publication as A Diplomat in Japan (henceforth, Diplomat ) published in 1921, many years after the events of the 1860s. The subtitle for the first edition of Diplomat was, ‘The inner history of the critical years in the evolution of Japan when the ports were opened and the monarchy restored, recorded by a diplomatist who took an active part in the events of the time, with an account of his personal experiences during that period.’ This study is an examination of Satow’s ‘personal experiences during that period’ relating to what he ate and drank, and the culinary hospitality he received. This paper will then briefly discuss what can be inferred about the eating habits of Westerners in bakumatsu Japan based on the evidence of Diplomat .

A tide –generating force has two dynamic properties. One of them is a property as a vector with magnitude and direction, the other is a periodicity of force acting with a cycle of about 12 hours. If the tide-generating force is a periodic external force, the tides must be a kind of forced oscillation phenomena. Three proposals regarding the origin of tides will be suggested in this article. (1) The ocean tides can be divided into three types by the depth. They are ‘out of phase’ type (shallower than 22,000m), ‘in phase’ type (deeper than 22,000m) and ‘resonance’ type (equal to 22,000m). The actual ocean tides are classified into the ‘out of phase’ type. On the other hand, the Earth tides occurring on the solid Earth are classified into the ‘in phase’ type. (2) Dynamic movement pictures of each type of tides have been determined. Unlike the widely accepted explanation, the global form of the ocean surface repeats an oval and a circle in turn according to the Moon’s position. As a result, the tidal movements of the ocean will occur in fixed four areas with an angular distance of 90 degrees apart along the equator, and four spots escaping any tidal movements will appear between them. (3) A new concept of ‘tide burst’ is deduced and its scientific meanings are discussed. Judging from the delay of Earth’s rotation period, the tide burst will happen in the ocean about 4.5 billion years from the present.

This paper examines Jane Austen’s use of the words, amiable , sad , and condescension , to see how she creates and develops the characters in the novel. This also contributes to the philological study of the English language, especially in considering Vocabulary of Late Modern English. There is a way of thinking that once a text leaves the author’s hands, a reader can deconstruct a text and create his or her interpretation, in this paper, however, my interest lies in the language in Jane Austen’s day. I consider what the writer meant by the words in using them in the social context in the time of Late Modern English. The meaning and the significance of the word in the text largely depends on the context. We do not find many examples of condescension in her novels, but fewer is not insignificant. The word has something to do with the difference in social status among characters and the superior’s dignity. At the time the word is in a state of change of its sematic prosody, from positive meaning to negative meaning.

ラオスでは、土地・森林政策の一環として、村落の中に住民が共同で利用できる、村落共有林を法的に認可している。本論文では、宇沢弘文氏が提唱した「社会的共通資本」理論の視座から、その村落共有林が土地・森林政策に果たす役割について分析を行いたい。

本論文は2022年９月10日に実施した，日本人間性心理学会第41回大会自主シンポジウムでの発表内容を加筆修正したものである。当日は押江が企画者および話題提供者を，上西と田中が話題提供者を，髙橋が指定討論者を務めた。これは，デジタルトランスフォーメーション（DX）時代における人間性心理学の位置づけや今後の課題を議論するものである。

This paper illustrates the way in which the text mining approach, often used in marketing studies, can be used to study intercultural communication. Tourists’ comments about Miyajima in Hiroshima prefecture on Tripadvisor, a tourism website, have been analysed to reveal how Japanese tourists and English-speaking foreign tourists, including Americans, the British, and Australians, use a variety of expressions regarding their visit in their comments and advice. The results reveal both similarities and differences in the posted content, which seem to reflect the characteristics of the Japanese and English language and their communication style. Writers in English tend to use a variety of adjectives to express their thoughts in positive comments, describing their experience in-depth and giving advice directly. The readeroriented approach using the second-person pronoun ‘you’ and imperative forms are used when giving advice. American, British, and Australian writers sometimes express their positive comments differently. On the other hand, Japanese writers tend to write shorter comments and to use fewer adjectives than writers in English in their comments. These cultural and linguistic characteristics of tourists’ comments can be analysed to understand the different uses of language in intercultural communication and for non-native English writers to learn how to write comments on tourism in English.

In 2020, global phenomena such as unprecedented scale forest fires, storms, melting glaciers, and dramatic declines in northern polar glaciers are very likely to be caused by climate change. By the middle of this century, it is becoming clear that it is not enough for Germany’s greenhouse gas emissions to be cut by 80％ compared to 1990 levels. In December 2015, to meet the climate targets agreed in the Paris agreement, stricter cuts from Germany are required, limiting global temperature rises to an average of 2 ℃（better 1.5 ℃） compared to pre-industrial levels. With regard to the transition of Germany’s energy systems, this paper begins with a comprehensive model of the Germany power and thermal sector in future energy systems with a major contribution to renewable energy technologies. Based on REMod-D （Renewable Energy Model - Germany）, the basic structure is summarized briefly. Then, we introduce some of the simulation results by REMod-D models by Philip et al. （2020）. The aim is to assess the energy transition and the possibility of climate-neutral systems in Germany.

Due to the COVID-19, many countries including Japan have reinforced regulations at the borders. As many international students could not enter Japan due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some universities offered online education services as an alternate. On the other hand, since April 2020, many of international student livening in Japan have not been able to go back to their countries.

1990年代後半, 単独での経済発展の限界を認識したシンガポールは, リージョナライゼーションに乗り出した。そして自国をアジアのハブとすべく「世界をシンガポールへ, シンガポールを世界へ」を打ち出した。このアジアのハブ構想ではヒトの移動が不可欠な要素であった。そこで, 本論は, ヒトの移動の観点から, リージョナライゼーションの時代におけるシンガポールの国家ブランディング戦略及びその戦略のなかでの人材活用の方策を明らかにしようと試みた。観光政策と人材政策から分析をすすめた結果, ヒトが集まるアジアのハブという国家ブランドを確立しようとしていたこと, そしてアジアのハブ構想のなかで国内の労働力だけでなく観光客や国外とのネットワークをつなぐ存在としての移民を活用してきたことを明らかにした。

This paper examines : (1) the medical governance of infectious diseases in Taiwan based on the experience of infectious diseases and the background of medical governance reform, (2) the role of big data and digital technology in infectious disease control, (3) medical strategy and non-pharmaceutical intervention, and (4) socio-political viewpoints regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan. It will be possible to confirm that Taiwan's non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies, including mask wearing, AHH practices, quarantine / quarantine, travel restrictions and the implementation of social distancing, are increasing the effectiveness of preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the combination of extensive risk communication highlighting the importance of early border control, government leadership and preventive action has prevented Taiwan from locking down. These comprehensive preventive measures against COVID-19 in 2020 are more efficient and effective than those implemented during SARS in 2003, as well as immunoassay responses. In addition, democracy provided institutional support for vibrant civil society and synergies between state and civil society, strengthened the legitimacy of Taiwan's crisis governance, and enhanced voluntary compliance among citizens.

In this study, we present a new method for estimating input coefficient matrix with deep learning. We use the data of prefectures of Japan as the training data. However, the data is small and is likely to cause overfitting. Therefore, we attempt to avoid the over-fitting by creating new data of virtual areas aggregating multiple prefectures. The approach is based on the concept of data augmentation. As a result of predicting the input coefficient matrix of Yamaguchi prefecture and Gujo city, we showed that the method using deep learning can estimate the matrix with more stable accuracy than RAS method for these areas.

Germany's energy transition （Energiewende） is a paradigm shift into a low-carbon and nuclear-free economy. As part of the European Union's climate neutralization drive, aiming to reduce greenhouse gases to net-zero by the middle of the century. Generous financial support for wind and solar power has boosted renewable energy to produce more electricity than fossil fuels for the first time in 2020. Germany's energy transition is not a policy shift after the Fukushima nuclear disaster, but a long-term process of policy making in response to public opinion and technological trends. Germany's energy transition is still underway and needs to be extended beyond the power supply. However, it may already be pushing more thoroughly through pricing and volume regulations, such as the European Emissions Trading Scheme （EU-ETS） and changes to the carbon tax, which provides incentives for changes to low-carbon technologies. This paper analyses Germany's energy transition and climate policy. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the actual conditions and issues of the reduction effects of greenhouse gas emissions, which are the main policy issues of the energy conversion policy that has been developed mainly on renewable energy for these 20 years.

As climate change and various environmental pollution issues are becoming more serious, many countries are actively promoting energy transition. The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, is aimed at curbing the rise in global average temperatures to within 2℃ above pre-industrial levels and limiting temperature rises to 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels. Taiwan is accelerating its path of energy transition to a "nuclear-free homeland" and “low-carbon economy” by phasing out all nuclear power generation in 2025 and imposing a legally binding goal of reducing coal-fired power generation from 47 percent to 26 percent. This paper investigates the impact of nuclear and coal power regulations on fuel mix CO2 emissions in the power sector by 2050 in Taiwan. Analysis is a future technology shift in the power sector called “Future Technology Transformations; FTT” for the power sector; Consider using the E3ME model linked to FTT: Power sub-model.

Retail investors, who are the majority traders in the Chinese stock market, cannot participate in off-line roadshows of IPO firms. Online roadshows are an important channel for them to learn about the situation of IPO firms. This study takes the IPO firms which are new-listed in Shenzhen Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2018 as the research subject, investigates the relationship between question-answers relevance in online roadshows and the first-day performance of IPO firms. According to the results, a high-level of question-answers relevance leads to a high first-day return and high liquidity. Furthermore, the additional analysis shows that the IPO firms with a high-level of question-answers relevance show stable long-term stock returns, on the contrary, the IPO firms with a low-level of question-answers relevance show the trends to decrease. Online roadshows could mitigate the information asymmetry between the investors and IPO firms, and play an important role in assessing firm values.

The purpose of this paper is to present an alternative macroeconomic model. The classical macroeconomic model and AD-AS model have some problems. The macroeconomic model presented in this paper solves them and is more realistic and logically consistent than the other models.

We will discuss why Japan succeeded after the Meiji Restoration and why she has been stagnated since 1990s, and propose the conditions for the revitalization of the Japanese economy based on M.E. Porter’s factor condition and Michio Morishima’s view of population history. Michio Morishima maintains that the quantity and quality of population is the foundation of economy and society. This paper focus on values which is one of the qualitative aspects of human beings.

There is a risk of longevity i.e., the self-funds after retirement may deplete before the end of life. What is needed after retirement is to spend out of self-funds in addition to public pensions while investing self-funds over lifetime without depleting. We analyze a safe withdrawal rate based on varying self-funded amounts every month due to fluctuation in the market. According to this method, there is no longevity risk that self-funds are depleted throughout lifetime.

The non-efficiency of the government hospital is pointed out. Then, I compare the management in government hospitals and non-government hospitals, and show clearly what kind of difference there is. In this paper, the following things are clear. (1) Clarify the difference from a viewpoint of management in government hospitals and non-government hospitals. (2) Classify government hospitals into two kinds (cites・towns・and villages-hospitals and prefectural hospitals), and clarify the difference from a viewpoint of management. (3) Classify non-government hospitals into eight kind hospitals, and clarify the feature in management.

マーケット・タイミング理論が提唱されて以降，それを巡った実証研究が数多く行われている。しかしながら，実証研究のほとんどは欧米企業を対象として行われ，日本ではその理論がまだ注目されていない。本稿はマーケット・タイミング理論に基づき，株式発行におけるマーケット・タイミング行動に注目し，それに関する実証研究をサーベイする。主な結果は以下の2点である。まず日本企業ではマーケット・タイミング行動の実証的証拠が多いが，マーケット・タイミング行動と資本構成の関係についての実証研究はまだ少ない点である。また，マーケット・タイミング行動の資本構成への影響について，先行研究の結果が分かれており，そして異なる特性を持つ企業では影響効果も異なっている点である。このサーベイを通して，この研究分野の現状と動向を示し，さらなる発展に寄与することを目指す。

This research aims to examine the relationship between political connections and bank performance during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, with data sample comprising banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange （IDX）. The study employed a panel data linear regression and found an insignificant positive influence of political connections on banks' profitability. However, the result also indicates marginally lower profitability in politically connected banks compared to non-connected peers, and the event-study methodology reveals the tendency for affiliated banks to obtain substantial negative abnormal returns during the pandemic. Therefore, there is a negative effect of COVID-19 on stock performance of politically connected banks.

Taiwan is not a party to the Paris Agreement, but the impact of climate change on Taiwan is enough to be one. The Government of Taiwan has set a target of adjusting the power mix to 50% natural gas-fired, 30% coal-fired and 20% renewable energy by 2025, increasing the proportion of relatively low carbon emissions and renewable energy, and aiming to reduce GHG emissions as a climate change policy. One of the key aspects of Taiwan’s energy policy is to phase-out nuclear power generation by 2025, and to increase the share of renewable energy in the power supply configuration and reduce the use of coal-fired power. The phase-out of nuclear power plants was initially faster than the expansion of renewable energy, reducing CO2 emissions from electricity production as needed to a small amount. Nevertheless, since 2016, Taiwan has been evaluating the “energy transition” derived from Germany and is trying to decentralize its power supply using conventional large-scale, inflexible power generation systems. 　With regard to coal-fired power plants, Taiwan will accelerate the improvement of air pollution facilities at existing coal-fired power plants and implement utilization management measures in order to match air quality. Gas-fired and green energy power supplies will be the mainstays of power supply, which is the power stabilization target, in order to maintain 15% of the supply reserve rate. The government needs to plan supply-side measures and implement various tasks to save energy and reduce carbon emission in order to reduce electricity demand. To build clean energy systems and healthy living conditions, to promote the development of new green energy industries, to promote green employment, realize the spirit of energy empowerment, promote energy democracy and justice. Going forward, the focus will be on overall system integration, where all power supplies can ensure a sufficient level of revenue. In this study, we will consider Taiwan’s climate change and energy policy since the Paris Agreement, and summarize the current situation and issues.