| 内容記述（抄録等） | Historically, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand have been known as immigrant countires. However, international migrant workers are moving toward many high-wage counties. The recovering economy after the Second World War in Europe stimulated human mobility. As in West Germany, a Gastarbeiter (guest worker) system for low-skilled workers existed in some countries. Some countries in the Middle East became attractive for immigrants after the first on crisis of 1973. In developed countries, exlcuding Schengen agreement countries, boarder control is relatively well organized and immigration is controlled. Thanks to this control, the targeting of selected human mobility is possible. Business and high-tech immigrant schemies can be seen in many countries such as Australia and New Zealand. Following Australia and New Zealand. Japan initiated a points system for slilled workers.
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